Cannabis plant life-cycle
Q: What are the stages of cannabis growth?
The stages of cannabis growth can be broken down into four main phases:
Germination: The first stage of cannabis growth is germination, where the seed begins to sprout and grow roots.
Vegetative growth: After the seed has sprouted, the plant enters the vegetative growth stage. During this stage, the plant grows leaves and stems and establishes a strong root system.
Flowering: Once the plant has matured sufficiently, it will enter the flowering stage. This is where the plant begins to produce flowers or buds, which contain the psychoactive compounds that cannabis is known for.
Harvesting: After the plant has produced its flowers or buds, they will need to be harvested, dried, and cured before they can be consumed.
Q: How do light cycles determine the stage of cannabis growth?
A: Photoperiod plants require at least 12 hours of darkness to trigger the flowering phase.
For vegetative stage, the commonly used light cycle is an 18/6, meaning 18 hours of light, 6 hours of darkness. You can then switch to a 12/12 light cycle once you want your plants to enter the flowering stage.
On the other hand, Autoflower plants do not require a minimum of 12 hours of darkness to initiate the flowering phase. Instead, they automatically transition to the flowering stage once they have matured sufficiently. Hence the best lighting schedule for the Auto variety is 24/0, 20/4 or 18/6
Q: How do I tell whether my plant is male or female?
A: To determine whether a cannabis plant is male or female, you will need to examine the plant's flowers. Female cannabis plants produce small white hairs, known as pistils, while male plants produce small sacs, known as pollen sacs. It's important to identify and remove any male plants as they do not produce the same high-quality buds as female plants and can also pollinate female plants, reducing their potency.
Environment
Q: What are the key environmental factors that affect cannabis growth?
A: Key environmental factors that affect cannabis growth include light, temperature, humidity, air circulation, soil, and nutrients. Proper management of these factors can help to optimize plant growth, while neglecting them can lead to problems such as nutrient deficiencies, disease, and pest infestations.
Q: What is the best temperature range?
A: The ideal temperature range for cannabis growth is between 68-78°F (20-25°C) during the day, and around 62-68°F (17-20°C) at night. Temperatures that are too high or too low can negatively impact plant growth. The use of temperature control equipment, such as heaters, air conditioners, or ventilation systems, can help growers to maintain a consistent and optimal temperature range for their plants.
Q: What is the best moisture level?
A: Seedlings and clones thrive in environments with high humidity levels, typically ranging from 70-80%.
As the plant enters the vegetative phase, the ideal humidity level ranges from 40-70%. Over time, the roots will take on more moisture, allowing for a gradual decrease in humidity levels by 5% each week.
During the flowering phase, it is essential to maintain lower humidity levels, between 40-50%. Any humidity levels above 60% could potentially harm the plant.
In the final weeks leading up to the harvest, humidity levels should be kept below 40% to avoid the development of mold and mildew on the buds.
Q: What are the nutrition requirements for the different stages of growth?
A: Cannabis plants require different nutrients at each stage of their growth cycle. During the vegetative stage, plants need high levels of nitrogen to promote strong stem and leaf growth. In addition to nitrogen, they also require other macronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, as well as micronutrients like iron, copper, and zinc.
During the flowering stage, cannabis plants require lower levels of nitrogen and higher levels of phosphorus and potassium to promote flower development. In addition to these macronutrients, plants also require micronutrients such as sulfur, manganese, and boron.
Q: What is pH? And what is the best pH level?
A: pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. If you are growing in soil, the optimal pH range for cannabis growth is between 6.0-7.0, with 6.5 being the most commonly recommended level. Maintaining the proper pH level is important because it can affect the availability of nutrients to the plants. If the pH level is too high or too low, it can lead to nutrient deficiencies and stunted growth. Growers can test the pH of their soil or growing medium regularly using a pH testing kit, and make adjustments as necessary using pH up or pH down solutions.
When growing plants without soil, such as in coco or hydroponic systems, the recommended pH range for the root zone is slightly lower than when growing in soil. Typically, the optimal pH level for soilless growth methods is between 5.5-6.5.
Q: How do I adjust the pH?
A: To adjust the pH level of soil or growing medium for cannabis cultivation, growers can use pH up or pH down solutions. If the pH level is too high, pH down solution (usually made of phosphoric acid) can be added to lower the pH. Conversely, if the pH level is too low, pH up solution (usually made of potassium hydroxide) can be added to raise the pH. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to make small adjustments at a time, testing the pH level frequently to avoid over-correcting. It's also important to avoid getting the solution on the plants, as it can damage the leaves and roots.
Q: What is EC?
A: EC stands for Electrical Conductivity, and it is a measure of the concentration of minerals and nutrients in a solution, such as the water used to feed cannabis plants. A high EC value indicates a high concentration of nutrients in the solution, while a low EC value indicates a low concentration of nutrients. Measuring EC can help growers to monitor the nutrient levels in their water and to make adjustments as necessary to ensure that their plants are receiving the proper levels of nutrients. EC is typically measured using a handheld EC meter, which can be purchased at most gardening or hydroponic supply stores.
Q: What is the best soil?
A: Cannabis plants require a soil that provides good aeration, drainage, and water retention, while also containing the proper balance of nutrients to support healthy growth. Some growers prefer to use pre-mixed soils that are specifically formulated for cannabis cultivation, while others prefer to create their own soil mixtures by combining ingredients such as compost, perlite, and peat moss. It's important to choose a soil that is appropriate for the stage of growth, as well as the strain and growing conditions of the plants. Additionally, it's important to monitor the pH level of the soil and make adjustments as necessary to ensure that it falls within the optimal range of 6.0-7.0.
Q: What is a hydroponic system?
A: A hydroponic system is a method of growing plants that does not use soil as a growing medium. Instead, plants are grown in a water-based solution that is enriched with nutrients and minerals necessary for plant growth. Hydroponic systems can range from simple setups using a single bucket or container to complex systems that involve multiple chambers and pumps. The main advantages of hydroponic systems include more efficient nutrient uptake, faster growth rates, and higher yields compared to traditional soil-based methods. Hydroponic systems also allow for greater control over the growing environment, making it easier to maintain consistent temperature, humidity, and nutrient levels.
Q: How does light affect cannabis growth?
A: Light is needed for photosynthesis and different light cycles are used in different stages of growth.
Q: How much light do I need?
A: During the vegetative stage, cannabis plants require high-intensity light for a minimum of 16 hours per day, which encourages strong stem and leaf growth. During the flowering stage, the light cycle is reduced to 12 hours of light per day, which signals the plant to begin producing flowers or buds.
The intensity and spectrum of light also play a role in plant development, with some strains of cannabis responding better to certain wavelengths of light. The use of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can provide the high-intensity light necessary for cannabis growth, while also allowing for precise control over the light spectrum. Additionally, it's important to avoid light stress, which can cause stunted growth or other problems, by maintaining a consistent light cycle and avoiding over-exposure to intense light.
Q: How do I ensure good air circulation in my growing environment?
A: Ensuring good air circulation is important for cannabis growth as it helps to prevent mold and mildew, and ensures that the plants receive sufficient levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis. To promote good air circulation, growers can use fans or ventilation systems to circulate air around the growing area. Placing oscillating fans around the plants can help to provide a gentle, even airflow. It's important to avoid creating strong, direct air currents that can damage the plants or cause nutrient deficiencies. Additionally, growers can use CO2 generators or tanks to supplement CO2 levels in the growing area, which can lead to increased growth rates and higher yields.
Q: How do I reduce the smell?
A: There are several ways to reduce the smell of cannabis plants, including:
- Using air filters: Installing air filters in your grow room or using carbon filters in your ventilation system can help to remove odors from the air.
- Controlling humidity: High humidity levels can exacerbate odors, so it's important to maintain optimal humidity levels (40-50% during the flowering stage) to help reduce the smell.
- Proper ventilation: Proper air circulation and ventilation can help to reduce the concentration of odors in the growing area.
- Odor-neutralizing agents: There are several products available that are designed to neutralize odors, such as sprays or gels that can be placed around the growing area.
- Strain selection: Some strains of cannabis are naturally less pungent than others, so selecting a low-odor strain can be helpful.
It's important to note that reducing the smell of cannabis plants may not be possible in all situations, and that some level of odor is likely to be present during the growing and flowering stages.
Nutrients
Q: What are the essential nutrients for cannabis plants?
A: Cannabis plants require macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as micronutrients like iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine.
Q: How do I ensure that my cannabis plants get the nutrients they need?
A: Regular soil testing and careful nutrient management are important for ensuring that cannabis plants receive the proper balance of essential nutrients. You can also use nutrient-rich fertilizers or supplements to provide additional nutrients to your plants.
Q: Can I overfeed my cannabis plants?
A: Yes, overfeeding cannabis plants can lead to nutrient burn, which can cause the tips of the leaves to turn brown and dry out. It's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions for any fertilizers or supplements you use, and to monitor your plants for signs of nutrient burn.
Q: What are macronutrients and micronutrients in cannabis cultivation?
A: Macronutrients are essential nutrients that cannabis plants require in relatively large quantities, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Micronutrients are essential nutrients that cannabis plants require in smaller quantities, such as iron, zinc, and manganese.
Q: Why are macronutrients important for cannabis plants?
A: Macronutrients are important for cannabis plants because they are involved in many essential plant functions, such as photosynthesis, root growth, and flower development.
Q: Why are micronutrients important for cannabis plants?
A: Micronutrients are important for cannabis plants because they are involved in many important plant functions, such as enzyme activity, chlorophyll production, and nutrient uptake.
Q: How do I know if my cannabis plants are experiencing nutrient deficiencies?
A: Nutrient deficiencies can manifest in different ways depending on the nutrient that is lacking. Some common signs of nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants include yellowing or browning leaves, stunted growth, and poor flowering.
Q: What are the most common nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants?
A: The most common nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants are:
- Nitrogen (N) deficiency: This can cause yellowing of lower leaves and stunted growth.
- Phosphorus (P) deficiency: This can cause darkening of leaves, stunted growth, and poor flowering.
- Potassium (K) deficiency: This can cause yellowing or browning of leaf edges, stunted growth, and poor flowering.
- Calcium (Ca) deficiency: This can cause leaf curling, brown spots on leaves, and stunted growth.
- Magnesium (Mg) deficiency: This can cause yellowing of lower leaves, with veins remaining green.
- Iron (Fe) deficiency: This can cause yellowing of new growth, with veins remaining green.
- Zinc (Zn) deficiency: This can cause stunted growth, yellowing between veins, and poor flowering.
Q: What is the best way to apply nutrients to cannabis plants?
A: There are several ways to apply nutrients to cannabis plants, including:
- Soil: One of the most common ways to apply nutrients is through soil. You can use nutrient-rich soil or add fertilizers or supplements to your soil.
- Hydroponics: In hydroponic systems, nutrients are dissolved in water and delivered directly to the roots of the plants.
- Foliar spray: You can also apply nutrients to the leaves of your cannabis plants through a foliar spray. This is a good option if your plants are experiencing nutrient deficiencies and need a quick boost.
- Top dressing: Top dressing involves adding a layer of nutrient-rich compost or fertilizer to the surface of the soil around your plants.
Q: What is the ideal pH range for hydroponic systems?
A: The ideal nutrient solution pH range for hydroponic systems is typically between 5.5 and 6.5. This range allows for optimal nutrient uptake by the plants.
Q: What is the ideal pH range for soil-based systems?
A: The ideal pH range for soil-based systems is typically between 6.0 and 7.0. Cannabis plants grown in soil tend to prefer a slightly higher pH than those grown in hydroponic systems.
Q: How do I adjust the pH?
A: To adjust the pH level of soil or growing medium for cannabis cultivation, growers can use pH up or pH down solutions. If the pH level is too high, pH down solution (usually made of phosphoric acid) can be added to lower the pH. Conversely, if the pH level is too low, pH up solution (usually made of potassium hydroxide) can be added to raise the pH. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and to make small adjustments at a time, testing the pH level frequently to avoid over-correcting. It's also important to avoid getting the solution on the plants, as it can damage the leaves and roots.
Q: What is nutrient burn, and how can I avoid it?
A: Nutrient burn is a condition that can occur when cannabis plants receive too much fertilizer or nutrients, causing the tips of the leaves to turn brown and dry out. This can happen if you use too much fertilizer, apply fertilizer too frequently, or if your nutrient solution is too concentrated.
To avoid nutrient burn, it's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions for any fertilizers or supplements you use. You should also monitor your plants regularly for signs of nutrient burn, such as brown or yellowing tips of leaves, and adjust your nutrient management accordingly.
Q: What should I do if my plants are suffering from nutrient burn?
A: If you notice signs of nutrient burn, you can flush your plants with plain water to help remove any excess nutrients from the soil or growing medium. After flushing, you can gradually reintroduce nutrients at a lower concentration to avoid further nutrient burn.
Q: How often should I feed my cannabis plants nutrients?
A: The frequency of nutrient feedings for cannabis plants will depend on several factors, including the type of growing medium, the specific nutrient mix being used, and the stage of growth of your plants.
In soil-based systems, it's generally recommended to feed your cannabis plants with nutrients every 1-2 weeks, depending on the nutrient mix being used and the specific needs of your plants.
In hydroponic systems, nutrient solution is usually delivered continuously to the plants. However, the strength of the nutrient solution and the frequency of solution changes may vary depending on the stage of growth of your plants.
Q: What is the difference between synthetic and organic nutrients for cannabis plants?
A: Synthetic nutrients are made from inorganic sources and are quickly absorbed by plants, while organic nutrients are derived from natural sources and absorbed more slowly. Synthetic nutrients may have a greater potential impact on the environment.
Q: How do I make organic fertilizers?
A: Organic fertilizers can be made using a variety of natural materials such as compost, manure, bone meal, fish emulsion, and seaweed. To make organic fertilizer, you can start by selecting your materials and mixing them together in the appropriate ratios. You can then add water and allow the mixture to decompose over time, turning it regularly to ensure even decomposition. Once the mixture has fully decomposed, it can be added to your soil or growing medium to provide essential nutrients for your cannabis plants.
Q: Can I use compost or other organic matter as a source of nutrients for cannabis plants?
A: Yes, compost and other organic matter can be an excellent source of nutrients for cannabis plants. Compost is a natural fertilizer that contains a wide range of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as beneficial microorganisms that can help improve soil health. Other organic matter such as manure, bone meal, fish emulsion, and seaweed can also be used to provide essential nutrients for your cannabis plants. However, it's important to make sure that any organic matter you use is properly decomposed and free of contaminants that could be harmful to your plants.
Q: What is the best way to flush nutrients from cannabis plants before harvest?
A: Flushing is the process of using plain water to remove any excess nutrients from your cannabis plants before harvest. Flushing can help improve the flavor and quality of your buds by reducing the amount of residual nutrients in the plant tissue.
To flush your cannabis plants before harvest, you should stop giving them nutrients and instead water them with plain water for the last 1-2 weeks of the flowering stage. The amount of water you use for flushing should be roughly equal to the volume of water you normally use for nutrient feedings.
It's important to monitor your plants during the flushing process and make adjustments as needed. If your plants show signs of nutrient deficiencies during the flushing process, you can add a light nutrient solution to the water to help provide the necessary nutrients.
Q: How can I tell if my cannabis plants are getting too many nutrients?
A: Overfeeding your cannabis plants with too many nutrients can lead to a condition known as nutrient burn, which can cause the tips of the leaves to turn brown and dry out. Other signs of overfeeding can include slowed growth, yellowing or browning of the leaves, and an unpleasant chemical or metallic taste or odor in the buds.
Q: Can I reuse cannabis soil over and over?
A: Yes, you can reuse cannabis soil for multiple grows, but it's important to take steps to maintain soil health and prevent nutrient depletion or build-up. Reusing soil can also increase the risk of disease and pest problems, so it's important to take appropriate measures to prevent contamination.
To reuse cannabis soil, you should start by removing any plant debris or roots from the soil and allowing it to dry out completely. You can then add amendments such as compost or worm castings to help replenish nutrients and improve soil structure. Before reusing the soil, you should also test the nutrient levels and pH to ensure that they are within the optimal range for cannabis cultivation. You may need to make adjustments to the soil or add fertilizers or supplements to provide the necessary nutrients.
It's also important to note that the reuse of soil can increase the risk of disease and pest problems in your cannabis plants. To minimize this risk, you should sterilize your growing containers and other equipment between cycles and inspect your plants regularly for signs of disease or pest infestation.
Germination & seedlings
Q: How long does it take for cannabis seeds to germinate?
A: Cannabis seeds typically take 2-7 days to germinate, although it can take longer in some cases.
Q: What are the best methods for germinating cannabis seeds?
A: The best methods for germinating cannabis seeds include the paper towel method, using a germination kit, or planting the seeds directly in soil or a growing medium.
Q: What are the most common mistakes made during cannabis seed germination?
A: The most common mistakes during cannabis seed germination include overwatering, planting the seeds too deep, using a growing medium that is too compact, exposing the seeds to too much light or heat, and not providing adequate ventilation.
Q: Can cannabis seeds be germinated directly in soil?
A: Yes, cannabis seeds can be germinated directly in soil, although this method can be more difficult to control the growing conditions and may result in a lower germination rate.
Q: What are some common problems that can occur during cannabis seed germination?
A: Some common problems that can occur during cannabis seed germination include mold or fungus growth, seedling damping-off, and poor germination rates.
Q: How do I know if my cannabis seeds have successfully germinated?
A: You can tell if your cannabis seeds have successfully germinated by looking for signs of a taproot emerging from the seed, such as a small white sprout. You can also gently touch the seed and feel for any resistance, which indicates that the taproot has begun to grow.
Q: What are some tips for successful cannabis seed germination?
A: Some tips for successful cannabis seed germination include using high-quality seeds, keeping the growing medium moist but not too wet, maintaining a warm and humid environment, providing adequate ventilation, and avoiding overhandling or disturbing the seeds during germination.
Q: What are seedlings?
A: Seedlings are young cannabis plants that have recently emerged from the soil or growing medium after germination. They typically have a few sets of leaves and are just beginning to establish their root systems.
Q: How do I clone?
A: Cloning involves taking a cutting from a healthy cannabis plant and rooting it to create a new, genetically identical plant. To clone a cannabis plant, you should select a healthy, mature plant and take a cutting from the stem or branch. The cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a growing medium, where it will develop roots and grow into a new plant.
Q: Pros and cons of using seeds?
A: Pros of using seeds for cannabis cultivation include genetic diversity, the ability to select for desirable traits, and ease of availability. Cons of using seeds include the possibility of male plants, which can pollinate and fertilize female plants, reducing yields and potency.
Q: Pros and cons of using clones?
A: Pros of using clones for cannabis cultivation include genetic consistency, guaranteed female plants, and the ability to skip the germination stage. Cons of using clones include the potential for genetic uniformity and the risk of pest and diseases affecting all your plants.
Q: How do I get strong roots?
A: To get strong roots in cannabis plants, it's important to provide a healthy growing environment with adequate nutrients, water, and oxygen. You can also use rooting hormone or mycorrhizal fungi to promote root growth, and avoid overwatering or compacting the soil or growing medium. Adequate ventilation and light can also help promote strong root development.
Vegetation
Q: What is the vegetation phase of cannabis growth?
A: The vegetation phase is the stage of cannabis growth where the plant focuses on developing its leaves, stems, and branches. During this phase, the plant does not produce buds and instead focuses on building its structure and accumulating nutrients.
Q: How long does the vegetation phase typically last?
A: The vegetation phase typically lasts for 4-8 weeks, although it can vary depending on the specific strain and growing conditions.
Q: How does lighting impact vegetative growth?
A: Lighting is a crucial factor in vegetative growth, as it provides the energy that the plant needs to photosynthesize and grow. Providing the right amount and spectrum of light can help promote healthy vegetative growth and strong development of leaves and stems.
Q: How much light should plants receive?
A: Cannabis plants should receive a minimum 16 hours of light per day during the vegetative phase to promote healthy growth. The specific amount of light required may vary depending on the strain and growing conditions.
Q: What are the most important nutrients?
A: The most important nutrients for cannabis plants during the vegetative phase are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients help promote healthy growth and development of leaves, stems, and roots.
Q: What are the signs of nutrient deficiencies?
A: Signs of nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants during the vegetative phase can include yellowing or browning of the leaves, stunted growth, and wilting or drooping of the plant. The specific symptoms will depend on the type of nutrient deficiency and the severity of the issue.
Q: What are the most common problems that can occur during the vegetation phase?
A: Common problems that can occur during the vegetation phase include nutrient deficiencies, over or under watering, pest infestations, and environmental stressors such as high temperatures or humidity.
Q: Can plants recover from stress?
A: Yes, cannabis plants are resilient and can often recover from stress caused by factors such as over or under watering, nutrient imbalances, or high temperatures. However, it's important to identify and address the cause of the stress to prevent further damage to the plant.
Q: What are some training techniques that can be applied?
A: Some training techniques that can be applied during the vegetative phase include topping, pruning, low-stress training (LST), and high-stress training (HST) methods such as super cropping or fimming. These techniques can help promote healthy growth and increase yields by directing the plant's energy to specific areas.
Q: Does a longer vegetation phase bring more benefits?
A: A longer vegetation phase can bring several benefits, including larger plants with more robust root systems, increased yields, and more time for training and pruning. However, it's important to balance the length of the vegetation phase with other factors such as the strain's natural growth pattern, available space, and the desired harvest date.
Bloom
Q: What are the environmental requirements for healthy flowering?
A: For healthy flowering, cannabis plants require a stable and consistent environment with appropriate levels of humidity, temperature, and air circulation. It's also important to provide adequate light, nutrients, and water during this stage of growth.
Q: How does lighting impact flowering?
A: Lighting is a crucial factor in the flowering stage of cannabis growth, as it triggers the plant's transition from vegetative growth to producing flowers. The intensity and spectrum of light can also impact the size, potency, and quality of the buds produced.
Q: What is the ideal light cycle for the flowering phase?
A: Photoperiod plants require at least 12 hours of darkness to trigger the flowering phase.
For vegetative stage, the commonly used light cycle is an 18/6, meaning 18 hours of light, 6 hours of darkness. You can then switch to a 12/12 light cycle once you want your plants to enter the flowering stage.
On the other hand, Autoflower plants do not require a minimum of 12 hours of darkness to initiate the flowering phase. Instead, they automatically transition to the flowering stage once they have matured sufficiently. Hence the best lighting schedule for the Auto variety is 24/0, 20/4 or 18/6
Q: What are the most important nutrients for flowering?
A: The most important nutrients for flowering cannabis plants include phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. These nutrients help promote healthy bud development, increased yields, and improved potency.
Q: How often should I water plants during the flowering phase?
A: The frequency of watering during the flowering phase will depend on the specific growing conditions, but plants generally require watering every 2-3 days.
Q: How do I prevent nutrient deficiencies during the flowering phase?
A: To prevent nutrient deficiencies during the flowering phase, it's important to provide a balanced and appropriate nutrient regimen that includes the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients. It's also important to monitor pH levels and adjust as needed to ensure optimal nutrient uptake.
Q: What are the most common problems that can occur during the flowering phase?
A: Common problems that can occur during the flowering phase include nutrient deficiencies, pest infestations, mold or bud rot, and environmental stressors such as high temperatures or humidity.
Q: When is the best time to harvest cannabis during the flowering phase?
A: The best time to harvest cannabis during the flowering phase is when the buds have reached their peak potency and the majority of the pistils have turned from white to amber or brown. This usually occurs around 6-12 weeks after the start of the flowering phase, depending on the specific strain and growing conditions.
Q: How do I reduce the smell?
A: To reduce the smell of cannabis during the flowering phase, you can use a variety of techniques such as air filtration, carbon filters, odor neutralizers, and strategic ventilation. It's also important to maintain a clean and hygienic growing environment to prevent odors from building up.
Q: What happens if I harvest too late?
A: If you harvest cannabis too late, the buds may be overripe and have a decreased potency and flavor. The buds may also be more prone to mold or other issues, and the overall yield may be reduced.
Q: Can I force the plant to revert from the flowering stage back to the vegetative stage again?
A: It is possible to force a cannabis plant to revert from the flowering stage back to the vegetative stage by manipulating the light cycle and providing a longer period of light per day. However, this process can be stressful for the plant and may result in reduced yields or quality of the buds. It's generally not recommended to attempt to revert a plant back to the vegetative stage once it has entered the flowering phase.
Harvest
Q: How to harvest?
A: To harvest cannabis, you should cut the mature buds from the plant and trim away any excess leaves or stems. The buds should be dried and cured before being consumed or used.
Q: When is the best time to harvest cannabis?
A: The best time to harvest cannabis is when the buds have reached their peak potency and the majority of the pistils have turned from white to amber or brown. This usually occurs around 6-12 weeks after the start of the flowering phase, depending on the specific strain and growing conditions.
Q: How do I know if my cannabis is ready to harvest?
A: You can tell if your cannabis is ready to harvest by examining the trichomes, which are small, resinous glands on the buds. When the trichomes turn from clear to cloudy or amber, the buds are at their peak potency and ready to be harvested.
Q: Why is flushing important before harvest?
A: Flushing is important before harvest to remove any excess nutrients or minerals that may have accumulated in the plant's tissues. This can improve the flavor and aroma of the buds and prevent harsh or unpleasant smoke.
Q: Can over-flushing harm my cannabis plants?
A: Over-flushing can potentially harm cannabis plants by depriving them of necessary nutrients and causing stress. It's important to balance the flushing process with the specific needs of the plant and to monitor the pH and EC levels of the water.
Q: Can I reuse any parts of the harvested cannabis plant, such as the leaves or stems?
A: Yes, you can reuse the leaves and stems of the harvested cannabis plant to make hash, edibles, or other products. However, the potency and quality of these parts will be lower than the buds themselves.
Processing & storage
Q: What are the best methods for processing harvested cannabis buds?
A: The best methods for processing harvested cannabis buds include trimming, drying, and curing. Trimming involves removing excess leaves and stems from the buds, while drying and curing help remove excess moisture and improve the flavor and potency of the buds.
Q: What is the difference between dry trimming and wet trimming cannabis?
A: Dry trimming involves trimming the buds after they have been dried and cured, while wet trimming involves trimming the buds while they are still fresh and moist. Wet trimming can be faster and easier, but may also result in a loss of potency and flavor.
Q: How do I properly dry cannabis buds before storage?
A: To properly dry cannabis buds before storage, you should hang the trimmed buds upside down in a dark, well-ventilated area with low humidity. The buds should be monitored regularly and rotated to ensure even drying.
Q: What is the ideal temperature and humidity range for drying cannabis buds?
A: The ideal temperature range for drying cannabis buds is between 60-70°F (15-21°C), with a humidity range of 45-55%. It's important to avoid high humidity or temperatures that can promote mold or mildew growth.
Q: How long does it take to dry cannabis buds?
A: The drying time for cannabis buds can vary depending on the specific strain, humidity levels, and other factors, but typically takes between 7-14 days.
Q: What is the best way to cure cannabis buds after drying?
A: The best way to cure cannabis buds after drying is to place them in airtight containers, such as glass jars, and burp the containers regularly to release excess moisture. This process can take several weeks or even months, but can improve the flavor and potency of the buds over time.
Q: How long should I cure cannabis buds before using or selling them?
A: Cannabis buds should be cured for at least 2-4 weeks before using or selling them. However, some strains may benefit from longer curing periods of several months.
Q: What is the ideal temperature and humidity range for curing cannabis buds?
A: The ideal temperature range for curing cannabis buds is between 60-70°F (15-21°C), with a humidity range of 60-65%. It's important to avoid high humidity or temperatures that can promote mold or mildew growth.
Q: What is the best method for storing cured cannabis buds?
A: The best method for storing cured cannabis buds is in airtight containers, such as glass jars, in a cool, dark place. It's important to avoid exposure to light, heat, or moisture that can degrade the quality of the buds.
Q: How do I prevent mold and other contaminants from affecting stored cannabis buds?
A: To prevent mold and other contaminants from affecting stored cannabis buds, it's important to ensure that the buds are properly dried and cured before storing them. It's also important to monitor the temperature and humidity levels of the storage environment, and to avoid exposure to light or moisture.
Q: How long can cannabis buds be stored without losing quality?
A: Cannabis buds can be stored for several months to a few years without losing quality, as long as they are stored properly in a cool, dark, and airtight environment.
Q: What are the best containers for storing cannabis buds?
A: The best containers for storing cannabis buds are airtight glass jars or containers with rubber seals that can help prevent exposure to light, air, and moisture.
Q: How do I know if my stored cannabis buds have gone bad?
A: Cannabis buds that have gone bad may have a musty or moldy smell, a change in color or texture, or may be less potent or flavorful. It's important to inspect stored buds regularly for any signs of mold, mildew, or other contaminants.
Q: Can cannabis be stored in the freezer or refrigerator?
A: Cannabis can be stored in the freezer or refrigerator, but this can cause changes in the texture and flavor of the buds. It's generally not recommended to store buds in the freezer or refrigerator unless they are being used for making concentrates or other products.
Q: Can I smoke moldy weed?
A: It is not recommended to smoke moldy weed, as it can cause health problems and potential respiratory issues. Moldy buds should be discarded immediately.
Growing techniques
Hydroponics
Q: What is hydroponic cannabis growing?
A: Hydroponic cannabis growing is a method of growing cannabis plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich water solution as the growing medium.
Q: What are the benefits of hydroponic cannabis growing?
A: The benefits of hydroponic cannabis growing include faster growth rates, higher yields, greater control over nutrient delivery, and a reduced risk of soil-borne diseases and pests.
Q: What equipment is needed for a hydroponic cannabis grow?
A: Equipment needed for a hydroponic cannabis grow includes a hydroponic system, growing containers, grow lights, air circulation equipment, and nutrient solutions.
Q: What are the best hydroponic systems for growing cannabis?
A: The best hydroponic systems for growing cannabis include deep water culture (DWC), nutrient film technique (NFT), and ebb and flow systems.
Q: What are some tips for growing cannabis using a hydroponic system?
A: Tips for growing cannabis using a hydroponic system include maintaining proper pH and nutrient levels, monitoring water and air temperature, providing adequate air circulation and ventilation, and ensuring adequate light intensity and duration. It's also important to regularly clean and maintain the hydroponic system to prevent the buildup of algae or other contaminants.
Organic
Q: What is organic cannabis growing?
A: Organic cannabis growing is a method of growing cannabis plants using only natural and organic materials, without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Q: What are the benefits of growing cannabis organically?
A: The benefits of growing cannabis organically include producing healthier and more natural plants, reducing the risk of harmful chemical exposure, and promoting a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly cultivation process.
Q: What methods are used in organic cannabis growing?
A: Methods used in organic cannabis growing include composting, using natural pest control methods, and utilizing organic fertilizers made from materials such as bone meal and bat guano.
Q: What organic fertilizers can be used for cannabis cultivation?
A: Organic fertilizers that can be used for cannabis cultivation include compost, worm castings, fish emulsion, and kelp meal.
Q: What are organic methods of controlling pests?
A: Organic methods of controlling pests include using natural predators such as ladybugs, introducing beneficial nematodes, and using organic sprays made from ingredients such as neem oil, garlic, and hot pepper. Crop rotation and companion planting can also help reduce pest infestations.
Indoors
Q: What are the advantages of growing cannabis plants indoors?
A: The advantages of growing cannabis plants indoors include greater control over the growing environment, increased privacy and security, and the ability to grow year-round regardless of climate.
Q: What are the disadvantages of growing cannabis indoors?
A: The disadvantages of growing cannabis indoors include higher energy costs, a greater risk of pests and disease, and the need for specialized equipment and knowledge.
Q: What equipment do I need to set up an indoor grow room?
A: Equipment needed to set up an indoor grow room includes grow lights, ventilation fans, carbon filters, a temperature and humidity monitor, growing containers, a growing medium, and nutrient solutions.
Q: What type of lighting is best for growing cannabis plants indoors?
A: There are several types of lighting that can be used for growing cannabis plants indoors, including LED lights, high-intensity discharge (HID) lights, and fluorescent lights.
LED grow lights have become a popular choice for indoor cannabis cultivation due to their energy efficiency, longevity, and full spectrum lighting capabilities. They are also relatively easy to set up and use.
HID lights, such as high-pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH) lights, have been used for many years in indoor growing operations and are still a popular choice due to their high light output and effectiveness in promoting growth and flowering. However, they are less energy-efficient than LED lights and generate more heat, which may require additional ventilation and cooling measures.
Fluorescent lights are a more affordable option for indoor growers, and can be used for both vegetative and flowering stages of cannabis growth. However, they are less powerful than LED or HID lights and may require more bulbs to achieve optimal lighting levels.
Q: What is the best growing medium for indoor cannabis cultivation?
A: The best growing medium for indoor cannabis cultivation depends on the specific grower's preferences and needs, but popular options include soil, coco coir, and hydroponic systems.
Q: What are the best strains for growing indoor?
A: Some of the best strains for growing indoor include indica-dominant strains, such as Northern Lights and Blueberry, as well as hybrid strains like Girl Scout Cookies and Gorilla Glue.
Q: How do I manage ventilation and odor control in an indoor grow room?
A: Ventilation and odor control in an indoor grow room can be managed by using carbon filters, exhaust fans, and air circulation equipment. It's important to maintain proper air flow to prevent excess moisture and to remove any unwanted odors.
Q: How do indoor buds look and taste?
A: Indoor buds can vary in appearance and taste depending on the strain, growing conditions, and cultivation methods. However, they are generally dense and resinous with a potent aroma and flavor profile.
Outdoor
Q: What are the advantages of growing cannabis plants outdoors?
A: The advantages of growing cannabis plants outdoors include lower energy costs, the ability to grow large plants with higher yields, and the potential for more natural and robust growth.
Q: What is the ideal climate and location for outdoor cannabis cultivation?
A: The ideal climate and location for outdoor cannabis cultivation depends on the specific strain being grown, but generally speaking, cannabis plants prefer warm, sunny climates with well-draining soil and moderate humidity.
Q: When is the best time to germinate my cannabis seeds outdoors?
A: The best time to germinate cannabis seeds outdoors depends on the climate and location, but in general, it's best to wait until after the last frost date and when temperatures consistently reach above 50°F (10°C) in the spring.
Q: What are the best types of soil for outdoor cannabis cultivation?
A: The best types of soil for outdoor cannabis cultivation are rich in organic matter and have good drainage. Some popular options include loamy soil, and soil that has been amended with compost or other organic matter.
Q: What are the best outdoor cannabis strains for my climate and location?
A: The best outdoor cannabis strains for a specific climate and location will depend on factors such as temperature, humidity, and sunlight availability. Some popular outdoor strains include Durban Poison, Hindu Kush, and Jack Herer.
Q: How do outdoors buds look and taste?
A: Outdoor buds can vary in appearance and taste depending on the strain, growing conditions, and cultivation methods. However, they are generally larger and less dense than indoor buds, with a more earthy and natural flavor profile.
Greenhouse
Q: What are the advantages of growing cannabis in a greenhouse?
There are several advantages of growing cannabis in a greenhouse, including:
- Controlled environment
- Protection from pests and disease
- Reduced energy costs
- Increased yield
- Better quality
Training
Q: What is topping?
A: Topping is a cannabis training technique where the grower removes the top of the main stem, which encourages the plant to grow multiple colas and bushier growth.
Q: What is fimming?
A: Fimming is a cannabis training technique similar to topping, where the grower removes the top of the plant's main stem, but leaves a small portion of the top growth. This encourages the plant to grow multiple colas and can result in even bushier growth than topping.
Q: What is super cropping?
A: Super cropping is a cannabis training technique where the grower applies pressure to the stem, causing it to weaken and bend, which can promote lateral growth and increase yield.
Q: What is LST (Low Stress Training)?
A: LST is a cannabis training technique where the grower gently bends and ties down the stems to promote even growth and increase light exposure for lower branches.
Q: What is HST (High Stress Training)?
A: HST is a cannabis training technique where the grower uses more aggressive methods, such as pruning, bending, or breaking stems, to promote new growth and increase yield.
Q: What is SCROG (Screen of Green)?
A: SCROG is a cannabis training technique where the grower uses a screen or net to create a horizontal canopy, allowing for even light distribution and increased yield.
Q: What is defoliation?
A: Defoliation is a cannabis training technique where the grower removes some of the plant's leaves, which can promote better light penetration and air flow, leading to increased yield.
Q: What are the risks of stress training?
A: Stress training techniques can be risky if not performed correctly, as they can cause damage or stunting to the plant if overdone. It's important to start with gentle training methods and avoid stressing the plant too much, as this can lead to decreased yield or even plant death.
Pest & diseases management
Pests
Q: What are spider mites?
A: Spider mites are small, eight-legged arachnids that feed on plant sap, which can cause discoloration, wilting, and stunted growth. They can be difficult to detect and can spread quickly, leading to serious damage if not treated.
Q: What are aphids?
A: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and the spread of viruses. They reproduce quickly and can form large colonies on cannabis plants if not treated.
Q: What are thrips?
A: Thrips are tiny, slender insects that feed on plant sap and can cause yellowing, distorted growth, and silvering of leaves. They are also known to spread viruses and can be difficult to control.
Q: What are whiteflies?
A: Whiteflies are small, winged insects that feed on plant sap, causing yellowing, stunted growth, and the spread of viruses. They can also secrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can attract other pests.
Q: What are fungus gnats?
A: Fungus gnats are small, flying insects that lay their eggs in soil. The larvae feed on organic matter in the soil and can cause damage to the roots of cannabis plants. Adult fungus gnats can also transmit plant diseases.
Q: What are mealybugs?
A: Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap and can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and the spread of viruses. They are covered in a white, waxy substance and can be difficult to control.
Q: What are caterpillars?
A: Caterpillars are the larval stage of moths and butterflies, and they can feed on cannabis leaves and buds, causing damage and reduced yield. They can be difficult to detect, as they often blend in with the surrounding foliage.
Q: What are leafhoppers?
A: Leafhoppers are small, winged insects that feed on plant sap and can cause yellowing, wilting, and stunted growth. They are known to spread viruses and can be difficult to control.
Q: What are scale insects?
A: Scale insects are small, immobile insects that attach themselves to plant stems and leaves and feed on plant sap. They can cause yellowing, stunted growth, and the spread of viruses. They secrete a protective waxy coating that can make them difficult to control.
Q: What are broad mites?
A: Broad mites are tiny, oval-shaped insects that feed on plant sap and can cause discoloration, curling, and stunted growth. They are difficult to detect and can cause serious damage to cannabis plants if left untreated.
Diseases
Q: What is powdery mildew?
A: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and buds of cannabis plants. It can cause reduced yield, stunted growth, and weakened plants that are more susceptible to other diseases.
Q: What is botrytis (bud rot)?
A: Botrytis, also known as bud rot, is a fungal disease that affects the buds and flowers of cannabis plants. It causes the buds to turn brown or gray and develop a fuzzy appearance, and can spread quickly throughout the plant and to other plants in the area.
Q: What is fusarium wilt?
A: Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease that affects the roots and stems of cannabis plants, causing wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. It can spread quickly and is difficult to control once it takes hold in the soil.
Q: What is root rot?
A: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of cannabis plants, causing them to become discolored, mushy, and waterlogged. It can be caused by overwatering or poor drainage, and can lead to plant death if not treated promptly.
Q: What is pythium?
A: Pythium is a fungal disease that affects the roots of cannabis plants, causing them to rot and turn brown or black. It can cause wilting, stunted growth, and reduced yield, and can be difficult to control once it takes hold in the soil.
Q: What is gray mold?
A: Gray mold, also known as botrytis, is a fungal disease that affects the buds, flowers, and leaves of cannabis plants. It causes grayish-brown patches to form on the affected areas and can cause reduced yield and weakened plants that are more susceptible to other diseases.
Q: What is leaf septoria?
A: Leaf septoria is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of cannabis plants, causing yellowing and brown spots to form. It can cause reduced yield and weakened plants that are more susceptible to other diseases.
Q: What is verticillium wilt?
A: Verticillium wilt is a fungal disease that affects the roots and stems of cannabis plants, causing wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. It can spread quickly and is difficult to control once it takes hold in the soil.
Q: What is tobacco mosaic virus?
A: Tobacco mosaic virus is a viral disease that can affect cannabis plants, causing yellowing, mottling, and distorted growth. It can be spread by infected seeds, plant debris, or contact with infected plants.
Q: What is bacterial blight?
A: Bacterial blight is a bacterial disease that can affect cannabis plants, causing wilting, yellowing, and lesions on the leaves and stems. It can be spread by contaminated tools, water, or plant debris, and can lead to reduced yield and plant death if not treated promptly.
Q: How do I properly dispose of infected plants or plant materials?
A: Infected plants and plant materials should be carefully removed from the grow room and disposed of in a sealed bag in the trash. Do not compost or reuse the soil or plant materials, as this can spread the disease to other plants.
Q: Can pests and diseases be spread from plant to plant in a cannabis grow room?
A: Yes, pests and diseases can be easily spread from plant to plant in a cannabis grow room. It is important to maintain good hygiene and regularly inspect plants for signs of infestation or disease.
Q: How do I quarantine and treat infected plants?
A: Infected plants should be immediately isolated from healthy plants and treated with the appropriate treatment method for the specific pest or disease. This can include using organic or chemical treatments, as well as removing and disposing of severely infected plants.
Q: What are the best organic methods for managing pest and disease problems?
A: Organic methods for managing pest and disease problems can include introducing beneficial insects, using neem oil or other natural insecticides, and practicing good hygiene and sanitation in the grow room.
Q: What are the most common chemical treatments?
A: Chemical treatments for pest and disease problems can include fungicides, insecticides, and miticides. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and use these chemicals safely and responsibly.
Q: What are the best practices for maintaining a clean and pest-free grow room?
A: Best practices for maintaining a clean and pest-free grow room include regularly inspecting plants for signs of infestation or disease, practicing good hygiene and sanitation, properly ventilating the grow room, and using preventive measures such as introducing beneficial insects.
Cannabis Law
Q: Can I buy cannabis seeds legally?
A: The legality of buying cannabis seeds varies depending on the country and jurisdiction. In countries where cannabis is legal for recreational or medical use, there may be licensed seed banks or dispensaries that sell cannabis seeds. In other countries, it may be legal to buy cannabis seeds for souvenir or collector purposes but not for growing. It is important to research the laws and regulations in your area before attempting to buy cannabis seeds.
